Euthanasia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Euthanasia - Research Paper Example 2007). Both decision making processes are important because they offer the aspects of knowledge and awareness as well as protection from malpractice lawsuits and license revocation for the nurse in question. Furthermore, the success of effective utilization of these decision making processes will lead to saving of a patient’s life and this means fulfillment of the ethical principles a nurse took an oath to protect. On the other hand, these ethical decision making processes are different. This is so because having knowledge of one and not the other will still lead to the professional getting into trouble with either the legal or moral authorities. Fulfillment of both simultaneously is also not an easy task and especially for nurses who already have other numerous patients to take care of and some of whom are already experiencing burnouts. Legal knowledge with all its jargon is not an easy task and it is confusing and not easily understood. The best ethical decision process to support is the knowledge of the ethical codes. This is so because these codes are the ones that guide the behavior, actions and final choice a nurse is going to undertake when it comes to a patient’s health condition. Having enough knowledge of the codes will also act as a good defense strategy in case there is an ethical malpractice lawsuit in the future as one will have followed these codes to the letter leaving no hanging lose ends. Knowledge of the codes will also pose for a good argument and convincing strategy with the patient and his or her relatives or caregivers and especially if there is any consent being sought. The nurse professional will be armed with enough information even explaining the pros and cons by use of the ethical codes hence convincing the parties of the best ways to solve the ethical dilemma they are presented with or

Horizontal Flow, Inwardoutward Flow, Vertical Information flow, and Essay

Horizontal Flow, Inwardoutward Flow, Vertical Information flow, and Downward information Flow of financial data in the Kuali system - Essay Example There are essentially four different groups involved in the Kuali process: the initiator, the department representative or BSC, the account manager, and the DFA. Horizontal flow would occur between any individuals that are contained within the same group. For example, an initiator sharing information with a co-worker on the same level or an account manager sharing information with another account manager would constitute horizontal flow (Cornell University, 2005). Inward flows occur when an outside entity or group sends information into one of the four internal groups. An example of this could be a service center such as a document editor sending that information to an account manager. Outward flows are the exact opposite. These occur when an internal group sends information to an outside entity or group. An example of this could be an account manager sending financial data to a service center that serves as an account delegate (Cornell University, 2008). Vertical information flows occur among the four different groups. These constitute those flows where information either travels upward or downward among the groups. An example of this could be when the initiator sends information to the department representative or when the department representative sends information to the account manager. They also occur the other direction, when the account manager sends information to the department representative or the department representative sends information to the initiator. Downward information flow occurs when a group that is higher than another sends information to a group that is lower on the hierarchy. This can happen when the DFA sends information to an account manager, when an account manager sends information to a department representative or BSC, or when a department manager or BSC sends information to the initiator. It is not possible for information to be sent any lower since the initiator is at the bottom of the hierarchy. According to McNeely and Wheeler, "Fiscal officers can delegate approval authority to both primary and secondary approvers. An organization can specify extra routing, and units or central administration can establish predefined "special conditions" for some or all documents. For example, a college can specify that all budget adjustments be routed to the dean, or the central research administration office can stipulate that any transaction involving a contract or grant account be routed to a central post-award office. The workflow engine also accommodates specialized routing based on the dollar value of the document. Ad hoc routing-for both approval and FYI purposes-is also available" (2006) The type of data that is being exchanged using the Kuali system is financial data. The overall system is designed on a business model for higher education. Also according to McNeely and Wheeler, " The data structures, transaction interfaces, and back-office processes are built to accommodate how higher education institutions are structured. However, there is sufficient flexibility in the design for each institution to tailor the system to its needs without requiring major modifications.